Parameters for the design of tailings dams nrc research press. Pdf design, construction and management of tailings storage. Dam consequence or classification ratings are based on the modelled, hypothetical most significant failure mode without controls not on the current physical stability of the dam. Pdf design of tailing dam using red mud researchgate. Design, construction and operation of a centerline rockfill. Use of simple, qualitative risk analysis, carried out at the minesite in a workshop format to define or audit a dam surveillance program, is described. Tailings dam construction design of slime is likely to slide and cause the dam to break away. Assuming good control of the above inputs and outputs of dam water, the most important factor in achieving pollution control is the method used to remove surplus water from the dam. Chapter 11 design and construction of tailings dams by leo casagrande professor of the practice of foundation engineering harvard university and bruce n. Designing safe and stable tailings dam structures with. Tailings dams differ from conventional earthfill structures in that much more time is available to optimize design since their construction is extended over a longer. Differences between waterretention dams and tailing dams. Considering the serious damages caused by tailings dam breakage, it is important to understand the main reasons and mechanisms for their failure.
Pdf design, construction and management of tailings. Selected bibliography tailing dam design, construction, operation, and closure 1. Tailing disposal methods and tailings dam construction design. Causes of tailing dams failures 19152016 gridarendal. For an earth dam the junction of the upstream face with the. Tailings sand dams are a special type of hydraulic fill dam for containing fine mine waste tailings, whose construction dates back to at least the.
A tailings dam is typically an earthfill embankment dam used to store byproducts of mining operations after separating the ore from the gangue. Risk analyses for tailing impoundments are still largely deterministic due to the large uncertainty around the failure modes and the characteristics of the dams, and generally do not consider the costs of failure. The two groups have similar training in the fundamentals of mechanics and an equal ability to claim that the other has it easy in the design process. They have also supported research and development in the field of dam design and management.
Downstream dam building is the only method that permits design and construction of tailings dams to acceptable engineering standards. Spillway design floodsdf is the largest flow that a given project is designed to pass safely. All tailings dams in seismic areas, and all major dams, regardless of their location, should be constructed using some form of the downstream method. For an earth dam the junction of the upstream face with the ground surface is called the upstream toe. Huesker studies each tailings dam project individually and offers dedicated analysis and embankment stabilization design and supply capabilities, through the incorporation of superior flexible reinforcement geogrids and geotextiles. The tailing storage facility tsf includes a rockfill centerline constructed dam with a low permeability core zone.
Design, construction and management of tailings storage facilities for surface disposal in china. The key design criteria and design bases for tailings deposition are summarized in table 21. This paper discusses use of red mud for construction of tailing dam based on laboratory findings and finite element analysis. Design of a centerline method tailings dam using mine. There are three broad design types for tailings dams. Safety guidelines and good practices for tailings management facilities. Upstream tailings dams are unforgiving structures, and any one or combinations of improper design, construction and operation have resulted in a number of wellknown, catastrophic failures. A tailings dam failure can be defined as the inability of the dam to meet its design intent, whether in terms of management, operational, structural or environmental function, resulting in loss to the stakeholders and the environment. Environmental conditions and the nature of tailings need to be considered when designing mine tailing storage. Ideally this type of impoundment should be sited at the head of the drainage basin to minimise surface water inundation. The design needs to be fit for purpose for example, tailings storagefacility studies indicate that the upstream method of dam construction is more susceptible to instability from seismic loading compared to. The tmf design was developed by knight piesold of denver, colorado, usa, to store approximately million cubic meters of tailings 290 at a maximum dam height of 170 meters m, corresponding to a crest elevation of 4160 masl.
Buchan department of mining, queens university, canada abstract the failure of a number of waste dumps and tailings dams over the last decade has directed public attention to the potential hazard and severe environmental. Over the years tatyana has managed to integrate her knowledge of mining. Introduction tsf design justification the tailings storage facility tsf design report presents an analysis of the background conditions and investigations undertaken. Dam design, the thirtieth in the series of technical bulletins brought out by indion bureau of mines with a. There are a range of options for tailings dams design, determined in consideration of a. The tailings storage facility tsf design report presents an analysis of the background conditions and investigations undertaken. An upstream tailings dam consists of trapezoidal embankments being constructed on top but toe to crest of another, moving the crest further upstream. Proceedings tailings and mine waste 2011 vancouver, bc, november 6 to 9, 2011 design, construction and operation of a centerline rockfill tailing dam with low permeability core zone. Pdf geomorphic analysis for tailings dam design in consideration. Based on lessons learned from the investigations of the recent mount polley and fundao tailings dam failures in british columbia, canada and minas gerais, brazil respectively, government agencies, regulatory bodies and industry are improving how tailings dams are designed, built and maintained. Mine tailings seepage key terms infiltration water that seeps into tailings through. Planning, design, and analysis of tailings dams, by steven g. A conventional impoundment is a surface retaining structure designed to store both tailings and mine water, with the aim of reclaiming the water for use in the processing plant as required. It outlines the basis of the design and justifies the parameters adopted for the engineering design, construction, operation, rehabilitation and after closure of the tsf.
Mclver partner casagrande consultants arlington mass. One significant aspect to be considered while design and construction are done is to minimize adverse effects to the environment. Examples of tailings dams failures worldwide and in peru in particular are presented providing. Sep 07, 2017 best practices for tailings dam design. Appendix f1 tailings storage facility design report pdf 4. Abstract similarities are noted in the practices and problems of constructing dams to impound mine tailings fly ash and chemical wastes. The guidelines have been widely used both in australia and internationally.
The cross valley design is similar to the layout of a conventional water storage reservoir in that an embankment is placed across the valley to dam a drainage area vick 1990. The topography of the area where the tailings dam is built should be carefully considered. Chapter 11 design and construction of tailings dams. Polley ascurrentinformationonthe design,constructionandoperationofthemt. Key tailings management documents used in industry. Appendix f1 tailings storage facility design report. Inadequate decant design has caused major dam failures.
The two groups have similar training in the fundamentals of mechanics and an equal ability to claim that the. Since 2012, there have been a number of tragic tailings dam failures which have attracted worldwide attention. Introduction seepage control is a critically important aspect in the design, construction, and operation of tailings dams as it directly affects. Design, construction, operation and the effect of fines. The knowledge to design, construct, and close, safe sustainable tailing dams is available however there is a failure within the engineering, education, regulatory and industry bodies to consistently implement good tailing dam design practices. Operational tailings management for successful closure. Icold 1996 a guide to tailings dams and impoundments. There exists a large volume of documentation relating to all aspects of design, construction, operation and closure of tailings facilities in the form of manuals, technical papers, conference proceedings and textbooks anglo 2005. Tailings dams 6 site selection and design construction operations closure transition active care passive care time landform no longer a dam june 2019 introduction to tailings dams tailings facilities in the portfolio approach to dam risk management at bhp the future. Design, and analysis of tailings dams bitech publishers ltd. The dam is currently at a height of approximately 100 meters and has a planned ultimate height of 160. The specific design used is dependent upon topography, geology, climate, the type of tailings, and cost. Design, construction and operation of a centerline. Knutsson lulea university of technology, sweden abstract knowledge on tailings dams design is often derived from conventional earth and rock fill dams that are.
Design and evaluation of tailings dams epa web archive. Upstream tailings dams are unforgiving structures, and any one or combinations of improper design, construction and operation have resulted in a. In addition, following some recent tailings dam failures, changes have been made to indicate good management and. Decant facilities are required on all dams to allow excess free water to be removed. Pdf historic abandonment of mines, and their tailings dams, has contributed to degraded water and environmental quality in chile and. Ancold published the guidelines on tailings dams in may 2012. Olympic dam expansion project tailings storage facility design report p 7 of 105 1 introduction 1. Best practices in tailings dam design klohn crippen berger. Chapter 11 design and construction of tailings dams authorstream. The paper addresses the problem of seepage control for tailings dams. Guidelines on tailings dams planning, design, construction, operation and closure revision 1 july 2019 category. Guidelines on tailings dams planning, design, construction. Authorities, tailings management facility operators and the public are invited to apply these guidelines and good practices, which are intended to contribute to limiting the number of accidents at tailings management facilities and the. Selected bibliography tailing dam design, construction.
One significant aspect to be considered while design and construction are. Designing safe and stable tailings dam structures with centrifuge modelling e. Tailings dam classification and breach analyses, perspectives. Safety guidelines and good practices for tailings management. Reliable tdba and mapping are critical for tailings dam design and safety management as they. Some considerations in the stability analysis 2 figure 1.
Polley ascurrentinformationonthedesign,constructionandoperationofthemt. Cda technical bulletin on tailings dam breach analyses. Tailings disposal, tailings management, tailings dam failures, environmental hazards, china tailings dams. It is essential that each specific dam has its own design process and one important factor is the estimated quantity of tailings to be disposed. Tailings can be liquid, solid, or a slurry of fine particles, and are usually highly toxic and potentially radioactive. However the swedish dam owners in general have been aware of their responsibility and used the knowledge and experience available at each time. Toe of dam is the junction of the downstream face of a dam and the natural ground surface, also referred to as downstream toe. This revision is ancolds initial response to these events and other relevant matters. Unlike water retaining dams, where the dam wall is usually constructed from concrete or some combination of engineered rock fill and soil, most tailings storage facilities are built using designs that partially depend on the tailings themselves for support, a design feature not available to water supply reservoir dams chambers 2012. Vick, john wiley sons external link, new york, 1983, 369 p. Davies structural engineers are technical cousins to geotechnical engineers. Two basic techniques for constructing tailings dams will be covered in this report 1 the use of mill tailings themselves as the construction medium and 2 the use of borrow material to construct the retaining structure and impound the tailings. Best practices for tailings dam design klohn crippen berger.
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